Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Bicarbonate
CAS: 1066-33-7
Molecular Formula: CH5NO3
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Names and Identifiers
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH5NO3 |
| Molar Mass | 79.06 |
| Density | 1,586 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 105 °C |
| Boling Point | 143.04°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 169.8°C |
| Water Solubility | 220 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, etc. |
| Vapor Presure | 67 hPa (20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.7 (vs air) |
| Appearance | White powder or crystal |
| Color | White |
| Odor | faint ammonia odor |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.030', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.020'] |
| Merck | 14,497 |
| BRN | 4329606 |
| PH | 7.0-8.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, alkali metals. |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to light |
| Refractive Index | 1.4164 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00012138 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Trait white monoclinic or orthorhombic crystals. relative density 1.573 solubility insoluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide and concentrated ammonia. Soluble in water, soluble in glycerol |
| Use | Can promote crop growth and photosynthesis, seedling growth leaves, can be used as topdressing, can also be used as base fertilizer directly applied, used as food fermentation agent, expansion agent |
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | 22 - Do not breathe dust. |
| UN IDs | UN 9081 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | BO8600000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2836 99 17 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1576 mg/kg |
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Upstream Downstream Industry
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless rhomboid crystals or white hard lumps. There was weak ammonia odor. Melting point 107.5 °c. Soluble in water, the solubility in water is 14%(10 ℃),17. 4% (20 ℃),21. 3% (30 ℃). The aqueous solution is alkaline, and the pH of the L-1 solution is 7.8 at 25 °c. The chemical properties of ammonium bicarbonate is unstable, and it is easy to decompose when heated. When heated to about 60 ° C., it was decomposed into white smoke consisting of 21. 5% NH3, 55.7% CO2 and 22.8% H20. Can be decomposed by hot water, soluble in glycerol (lOmL), insoluble in ethanol, acetone. Easy sublimation.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
after the industrial ammonium bicarbonate is added to the appropriate amount of water, ammonia gas is slowly introduced. The mixture was heated to 40-50 °c and stirred until no longer dissolved. Add a small amount of activated carbon, in 40~50 Deg C for a certain time. The solution was filtered, cooled, and carbon dioxide was passed through. Then by Suction filtration crystallization, namely pure ammonium bicarbonate. It can also be prepared by the process of saturated crystallization and the like by passing carbon dioxide into ammonia water.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Introduction
It smells of ammonia. It volatilizes quickly at about 60°C and decomposes into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. It also decomposes in hot water.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:11:48
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Application
Open Data Verified Data
Food fermentation is mainly used as a high-grade food starter, and sodium bicarbonate can be used as a raw material for cakes, biscuits and other leavening agents, and also used as a raw material for foaming fruit juice. Reagents were analyzed. Pure ammonium carbonate is also used in medicine.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
after exposure, it can irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes; High concentration exposure can cause temporary blindness, pulmonary edema and cyanosis, and can strongly damage the respiratory mucosa, leading to death. Mixing with oxidants, acids and edible chemicals is strictly prohibited. During transport should be protected against exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperature. Fire, Water, spray or the use of dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam extinguishing agent.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Ammonium Bicarbonate - Reference Information
| dissociation constant | 6.49 at 20 ℃ |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| nitrogen fertilizer | ammonium bicarbonate is a nitrogen-containing chemical fertilizer, also known as acid ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, abbreviated as ammonium bicarbonate, commonly known as gas fertilizer. White powdery or lumpy crystal, slightly ammonia odor, 1.58 relative density, melting point 107.5 ℃ (rapid heat). Easily soluble in water, the aqueous solution is alkaline, weakly alkaline, insoluble in ethanol and acetone. Easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. The chemical properties are unstable. It slowly decomposes into carbon dioxide, ammonia and water at room temperature. The decomposition rate accelerates with the increase of temperature and humidity. At the end of the 50s, Chinese chemical expert Hou Debang successfully developed a new process for the production of ammonium bicarbonate by the combined carbon method in order to solve the urgent need of nitrogen fertilizer in his country, combining the production of ammonium bicarbonate with the production of synthetic ammonia, thus reducing energy consumption, simplifying the process, reducing investment, and enabling the rapid development of ammonium bicarbonate production. Until the 1980s, ammonium bicarbonate was still the main variety of nitrogen fertilizer in China. The nitrogen content of commercial ammonium bicarbonate is 17%. Ammonium bicarbonate is mainly used as a fertilizer. After being applied to the soil, the ammonium ion (NH4) in ammonium bicarbonate can be adsorbed by the soil colloid or fixed by the lattice or converted into nitrate nitrogen. After being absorbed by plants, no side components remain in the soil. It has little effect on the soil pH value. It is suitable for various soils and crops. It does not leave harmful substances on the soil and crops. It is a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and can be used for a long time. In order to prevent ammonia volatilization from losing fertilizer efficiency and burning crop stems and leaves, deep application and soil cover can be used. Can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, not suitable for seed fertilizer. When applying top dressing, ammonium bicarbonate should be prevented from falling on the leaf surface of the plant to avoid ammonia damage. The disadvantage of ammonium bicarbonate as a fertilizer lies in its chemical instability. After adding a crystallization modifier, the crystallization of ammonium bicarbonate increases and the water content decreases, which reduces the phenomenon of easy decomposition and caking. Ammonium bicarbonate is one of the industrial products of nitrogen fertilizer. It is the main variety of small nitrogen fertilizer plants in China. It is one of the coke oven gas purification products in coking plants. The coking plant uses concentrated ammonia water as raw material and reacts with carbon dioxide to generate ammonium bicarbonate crystals, which are filtered by centrifugation to obtain ammonium bicarbonate products. ammonium bicarbonate is easy to decompose. it should be packed with plastic film, plastic bag or 3-layer kraft paper bag. they should be sealed separately and stored in a cool, low-temperature, dry and ventilated warehouse to prevent moisture absorption, rain and sun exposure. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolution grams per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 11.9g/0 ℃;16.1g/10 ℃;21.7g/20 ℃;28.4g/30 ℃;36.6g/40 ℃ 59.2g/60 ℃;109g/80 ℃;170g/90 ℃;354g/100 ℃ |
| identification test | take the sample and add (1 1) hydrochloric acid solution to soak and boil to produce carbon dioxide. this gas is introduced into calcium hydroxide solution to generate white precipitate. Take the sample solution and add mercury chloride solution to produce white precipitate. Take the sample solution and add phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167). It should not change color or only appear slightly red. |
| content analysis | in the weighing flask with grinding plug, quickly weigh 2g (accurate to 0.0002g) of the sample, place it in a conical flask containing 50ml of 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution (accurately removed), shake the conical flask, make the sample react completely, heat and boil for 5min, and wait for the solution to cool, add 2 drops of 0.1% methyl orange indicator solution and titrate to orange with 1mol/L sodium hydroxide standard solution. At the same time, a blank test was made. Where V1 -- volume of sodium hydroxide solution consumed by blank, ml;V2 -- volume of sodium hydroxide solution consumed by sample solution, ml; C -- concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, mol/L;G-sample mass, g;0.07906 -- millimolar mass of ammonium bicarbonate, g. |
| toxicity | ADI does not make special regulations (FAO/WHO,2001). GR.AS(FDA, § 184.1135,2000). LD50245mg/kg (mice, intravenous injection). |
| usage limit | GB 2760-96: GMP for all kinds of foods requiring leavening agent. However, milk and dairy products shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations. FAO/WHO(1984): Cocoa powder, sugary cocoa powder, cocoa bean powder, cocoa liquid mass, cocoa oil cake, 5 g/kg (calculated as fat-free cocoa, calculated as anhydrous K2CO3). |
| Use | Used as nitrogen fertilizer, suitable for various soils, it can provide ammonium nitrogen and carbon dioxide required for crop growth at the same time, but the nitrogen content is low and easy to agglomerate Used as an analytical reagent, also used for synthetic ammonium salt and fabric degreasing Used as a chemical fertilizer It can promote crop growth and photosynthesis, promote seedlings and grow leaves, and can be used as topdressing, it can also be used as a base fertilizer for direct application, as a food starter, swelling agent as a chemical leavening agent, China's regulations can be used for all kinds of food that need to add leavening agent, according to the production needs of appropriate use. Used as a high-grade food starter. Combined with sodium bicarbonate, it can be used as a raw material for leavening agents such as bread, biscuits, pancakes, etc., and also as a raw material for foaming powder juice. It is also used for blanching green vegetables, bamboo shoots, etc., as well as medicine and reagents. alkali; leavening agent; buffer; aerator. It can be combined with sodium bicarbonate as a raw material for leavening agents such as bread, biscuits, pancakes, etc. The baking powder also uses this product as the main ingredient, with acidic substances. It is also used as a raw material for foaming powder juice. Use 0.1% ~ 0.3% when blanching green vegetables, bamboo shoots, etc. Used as top dressing for agricultural products Used as analytical reagent. For ammonium salt synthesis. Pharmaceuticals. Baking powder. Dye. Fabric degreasing. Foam plastic. baking powder, dye, fabric degreasing, foam. The special grade is used as a high-purity analytical reagent. |
| production method | compressed carbon dioxide is passed into concentrated ammonia water, placed under pressure of carbon dioxide, cooled at the same time, crystallized, centrifuged and dehydrated. Dissolve it in water during refining, add ethanol, and recrystallize it. After the ammonia gas is absorbed with water by the carbonization method, it is carbonized with carbon dioxide, and then separated and dried to obtain ammonium bicarbonate. Its NH3 CO2 H2O → NH4HCO3 CO2 gas from lime kiln and purified by washing is saturated with ammonia water, and then centrifuged and dried by hot air to obtain the finished product. NH3 CO2 H2O→NH4HCO3 |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | vein-mouse LD50: 245 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | combustible; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides and ammonia smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:05
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View History
Raw Materials for Ammonium Bicarbonate
Hydroquinone
Ammonium hydroxide
Benzenesulfonic acid
Acetic acid
Sodium Chloride
Coal Tar
Hydrogen
Sodium hydroxide
Copper
Copper
Calcium oxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Benzenesulfonic acid
Acetic acid
Sodium Chloride
Coal Tar
Hydrogen
Sodium hydroxide
Copper
Copper
Calcium oxide
Downstream Products for Ammonium Bicarbonate
Potassium bicarbonate
ammonium sulfite
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic
ammonium fluoroborate
Zinc Carbonate, Basic
Manganese(II) carbonate
Ammonium silicofluoride
Iron(III) oxide
ammonium sulfite
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic
ammonium fluoroborate
Zinc Carbonate, Basic
Manganese(II) carbonate
Ammonium silicofluoride
Iron(III) oxide